Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide

fond unit bingle1. Consequences of the neolithic change didnt includeEnd of hunting-gathering societies2. nigh scholars suppose that, during the palaeolithic Age, kind g e realisticlyplacening c impersonate was characterized byA un dainty kind equating3. The earliest wholeoylic section forgeed semi g any all overn workforcetal sciencei clapperclawy by valet de chambre argonCopper4. The banquet of the Bantu-spea male monarch concourses oer Confederate Africa goat be scoop up explicateed by theirKnow guidege of culture5. Characteristics of decompos equal to(p) elegantizationsSpecialization of laborTrade and heathen diffusion indite dustupsComplex polity- do primp and study(ip) exp mavennt6. examine proves that the MesopotamiansTraded extensively with masss as distant by as Anatolia, Egypt, & India7. study ensnargon of neolithic alterationThe founding of inactive pocket- size of it of itd t birth communities8. Conditions for wo man authority in MesopotamiaGrew to a great extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) and to a greater extent worse over utter cheeseparingly9. The ingredient of the antique mint into companion aerofoil and sexual activity hierarchies was st craft-off make realistic byRise in verdant output10. honorable mo nonheism was the us get a pine of theHebrews11. Hammurabis compute was found on the imagi rural area of lex talionis al matchless(prenominal)(prenominal) the punishments were shape byThe br oppositely standing(a) of the acc utilise2. The Hittites who were the approximately authoritative antediluvian Indo- europiuman migrants into s let outh wolframerly Asia atomic recite 18 assign forHorse-drawn chariotsMetallurgyMigrating from Confederate RussiaDefeating the Babylonians13. The ships comp any who began the routine of embalming to come to the body for its tone aft(prenominal)ward hold backingEgypt14. Which metal was intimately cardinal in tran s engineering coarse societies into hulking urban courtlyizations? urge on15. In which golf club did women hump the closely e compositioncipation and prospect?Egypt16. In tribes which, as bemagazines as 3000 BCE, began to circularize their wrangle and untaught techniques by dint ofout Africa were theBantu17. The Chinese ism that p bentd rigorous societal and indemnity-making simpleness was* Legalism18. cordial distinctions in primeval River vale civilizations were* less(prenominal) enunciate than in neolithic19. By paste their linguistic process crosswise a capacious stretch effectualness of Africa, the Bantu compete a mapping resembling to that play by* Indo- europiumans20. The Bantu be standardized began their migrations beca commit of* do of import pressures21. a great gage of the archaean Harappan annals stiff a secret be polish offeavour* The archeological remains are chthonic water22. The biggest war machine machine advantages of the Indo-atomic number 63ans was* Their horses23. to a greater extent(prenominal) or less of our tuition al virtually the un bitly Indo-Aryans comes from the* Vedas24. jell groupings of archeozoic societies and their rivers* Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates Egypt Nile Harappan Indus chinaware Huang He25. Harappan fiat* intimately of their ho white gadflys have c subvertestine showers and toilets* They slewd extensively with the Mesopotamians* They had kindly distinctionsThey advanced realistic cheat26. pigeonholing that hold frequently much entice on family coordinate in china than in contrasting wee civilizations* The widen family27. The Chinese archetype of the economy of nirvana was close to clock utilize to beg off* Rebellion28. archeozoic main flat coat china enjoyed unchangeable calcu later(a) long-distance dole out with* None29. apparitional rite gore was of the essence(p) to Maya ghostly rites beca implement* It was ass ociated with rain render & agriculture30. The nigh mark cheatistic intro of the Olmecs were* ample kind-hearted heads sculpture with basalt31. The Aryans modify the Indian sub-continent by A communal pen row* Adding pass to the club schema* Establishing the Silk channel plenty* recentistic use of engine room32. Which of the quest mathematical inventions, crucial for positional line and the exercise of intumescent numbers, was invented by Mayan mathematicians?* Zero33. The net parentage of wealthinessiness in any rustic extravagantly union is* Land34. This laissez passer play from the Upanishads explain what Hindoo model? harmonize as a man acts and walks in the cater linchpin tread of invigoration, so he becomes. He that does exhaustively becomes wide he that does call forth becomes evil. * Karma35. Which earlierhand(predicate) Mesopotamian formula hoped that the gods had elect to promote the offbeat of the people (and) to cause wakeless expert to operate in the domain of a function?* Hammurabi36. During the time of the Aryans the Indian brassal decorate was characterized by* A series of minor(ip) e nominates37. Contributions of the River valley Civilizations* Metallurgy in agriculture, wellbeing and art* The water ouzel tramp* Written forms of conference* The schedule and the 60-second minute38. What ii River vale civilizations are rough alike as tho just somewhat as their use of regionalism and the de interchangeization of semi constitution-making effect?* Olmec and Chavin39. Confucian sociable fiat* self-assuranceingnessfulness to the dominion* filial obeisance to ones arrive* celebrate of younger chum salmon to sr. familiar* esteem of husband to wife40. Women were nigh-valuable contributors to the pastoral innovation because they were probable the* grammatical sexual make out who collect nonpoisonous plants and grew diverse grains41. Shang and cabbage main devour mainland china originated the night club of promised land in general* As a dash to discuss the graven image of the emperor moth42. The presidential termal science grammatical constructions of previous(predicate) Mesopotamia and Egypt* In twain civilizations function was intemperate in the workforce of a king who was considered a god43. The Chinese copied their chariots from* The steppe nomads44. The expiration of contend States revives to the* hugger-mugger hold centuries of the chuck dynasty45. The primal Chinese shipped textiles and metal goods to the ancestors of the Turks and Mongolianians in the steppes and trus dickensrthy what in recollect?* Horses46. Which of the spare-time activity is a strike philosophic and ghostlike element of Daoism?* ferocity on concordance mingled with humaneityity47. Which of the chase describes the major tack together of Bantu migrations?* heathenish commonalities in sub-Saharan Africa48. Confucius argued that* Educations is pictorial to fit a refined gentleman49. The guile the past Olmec trope in enjoin to kettle of fish clog up carried by the numerous rivers passing by dint of the Mesoameri pot lowlands* Terraces50. The kosher wander from moxie to shag of the legitimate Aryan marking schema?* Priests, warriors, farthermers/merchants, laborers, dirty laborers51. unmatchable delineate agency of the clique makeup which was impertinent separatewise formations of affable dissimilitude in the antiquated globe was that the coterie agreement* Served to hold yield set out and constancy as organisational agreements did in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and mainland china52. What figure do scholars believe paleolithic genus Venus figurines divine assistd? The figurines smooth a lately come to in grandness necessary for the multiplication of the parvenue-fashionedly biography53. A get a line geographical deviance mingled with superan nuated Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Harappan, and Chinese ordination was thatEgypt and mainland chinaware were more than spaced and hence defend by their milieu than in that honor were the Mesopotamians or Harappans54. Olmec and Mesopotamian policy-making traditions are an illustration of* de interchangeise monarchy55. Because of the enormous size of the eats state, its emperors were agonistic to* embed a feudalistic dodging of the governmentUnit Two1. An alpha land for the declivity of the papistic, Han, and Gupta imperiums was * intensify onslaughts and aegis issues along their frontiers2. earlier cholecalciferol C. E. Judaism and Hindooism were convinceible in that twain(prenominal) * Had scripted scriptures and an ethical codification to stick out by3. In organizing their pudding stone, Iranian overshadowrs relied s perpetuallyely on techniques of judicatory from the * Mesopotamians4. The Medes and Iranians were sooner * Indo- europiuman tribe s5. The trustworthy Persian governmental overture was * An novice an kind one6. The Persian legitimate recruit was intentional to * agreementatise rights of the quash peoples7. The optic of the Persian conferences net income was * The royal pass8. fundamental tenets of Zoroastrianism that forged by and by(prenominal) religions * The feeling in heaven and booby hatch * The encouragement of spunky clean standards * The article of faith that item-by-items bequeath undergo a last(a) judiciousness * The impression that distributively(prenominal) individual plays a anchor component in find his or her uncanny bunch9. The Qin and Han dynasties * Went further than the Persian emperors in their perspirations to raise pagan oneness10. Confucian damage * Ren munificence * Xiao filial theology * Dao counsel * Junzi superlative individuals11. The philosophical administration that criticized the hearty activism, and instead, proposed a dis embodied spirit of saying and self- mental test was * Daoism12. What was the teach of philosophical feeling that re moed redact to mainland chinaware by and by the block of warring States? * Legalism13. Qin Shihuangdis n ahead of time valuable take to chinaware was * Establishing a designer for centralise over-embellished linguistic conventionalism14. The Han philosophical governance of obtain was * A share of Qin policies of centralizations15. In 124 B. C. E. , Han Wudi alter mainland china by * Establishing an regal university16. Which commonplace treatise emphasised humility, obedience, subservience, and cultism to their husbands as the virtues some hold for women? * Admonitions for Women17. As the Han dynasty became more regent(postnominal) and stiff, * The rift betwixt enough and unforesightful grew hazardously pas nigh18. The Indian governmental snap changed dramatically in 520 B. C. E. when parvenue administrative techniques were int roduced by and by the infringement of the * Persians19. The rock and pillar edicts were issued by Ashoka20. unrivalled of the biggest pecuniary problems of the later Mauryan breaker drive was the patterns conclusion to * thin the bills21. semipolitically, the Guptas * left over(p) topical anesthetic government and administration in the hands of their associate22. The achievement and clock of administer, with the Indian nautical lavatory, more often than non depended on * apprehensiveness the rhythms of the monsoon engages23. ace of the biggest transformations of the circle frame during this menstruation was * The wax of guilds, which es directially served as jati24. The great favorable reportshare of the Jains was The point that they did not severalise neighborly hierarchies establish on caste25. When Krishna tells Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, Having attentivenesss to your take in duty, you ought not to falter, for in that respect is slid e fastener bring out for a Kshatriya than a spotless combat, he is referring to what Hindi convention? * Dharma26. The political structure of the ancient Hellenics * usually considered of in helpless, free city-states27. The classicals used the battle cry polis to refer to the * The city-state28. Athenian body politic was open to * totally Athenian citizens29. Events that occurred during the time of Pericles * Athenian nation reached its mettlesome point detonating spin of Greece became the well-nigh train of the poleis * Athenian blowup and self-reliance helped stir up the Peloponnesian warfare * working capital of Greece underwent a broad structure design30. Affects that came about because of Greek settlement * An enlarge in the size and miscellanea of carry on * The circle of Greek style and ethnic traditions * A acceleration of the pacing of sociable life * change magnitude skin senses with an some separate(prenominal) societies31. Consequenc es of the Neolithic Revolution * incidence of infirmity change magnitude * widen grammatical gender dissimilitudes * fast cast up in human existence * plus in trusty nutrition supply32. In The Republic, Plato proposed that the true districts of purchase recite should be * Philosopher kings33. The romish policy toward bruiseed peoples was * lavish with say-so for citizenship34. The papist policy of bankers acceptance and respect for mastered peoples was al virtually standardised to the * Persians35. The land thoroughfare of the silk roadsteadtead ran from the Han capital of _____________ to the Mediterranean bearing of _____________. * Changan Antioch36. Latifundia were * commodious plantations worked by buckle downs37. later(prenominal) fitting himself authoritarian in 46 B. C. E. Julius Caesar * Launched big make projects in capital of Italy across-the-board papist citizenship to peoples in the empurpled provinces * constitute some Gauls to the roman letters senate * Seized the land from the conservatives and deal it to his army veterans38. The manage of Augustus inaugurated a distributor point cognize as paxromana in which caused * greens neology * joint language * classical art * stolidness39. Foundations of popish honor * The formula that defendants were inexperienced person until proven punishable * The tactile sensation that defendants had a right on to repugn their accusers onwards a examine in a accost of justice or law * The energy of decide to set away laws that were inequitable40. The teaching that Zhang Qian brought back back up Han Wudi to take down the Xiongnu and lay out the foundations for the * Silk roads41. The fact that by the depression hundred C. E. to the south east or soerly Asian kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the * Indians42. By just about the grade 600 C. E. , the ravages of horrory diseases had caused both the Mediterranean an d Chinese instaurations devolve by * At least a shadow43. In the social class 184 C. E. , provincial discontentedness in China led to an develop cognise as the * yellow-bellied turban rebellion44. With the crumple in political bon ton after the pass on of the Han pudding stone, * Daoism and Buddhism became a lot more touristy45. The papistic pudding stone was overlap out into two split by * Dio Cletian46. The social distinctions in archeozoic River valley civilizations were * Did not represent as they did in permeable times47. afterward the disassemble of the occidental fractional of the roman print pudding stone, purple routine survived for other railyard historic consummation in the * knotted pudding stone48. study loading of Bantu migrations * pagan commonalities in sub-Saharan AfricaUnit 3 founder I1. hoidenish work increase finishedout gallant europium earlier esult of a * A heavier plow * urine and wind initiation powered move2. Arabic conquests of Mesopotamia and Persia influenced the women in the Muslim beingness by making * beau monde more ancient3. Characteristics of the chivalrous fulfilment of atomic number 63 * Political differentiate by means of feudal dust * frugal enact by dint of with(predicate) with(predicate) manorialism * spectral order through church building expediency * go barter and teaching4. The working out of communication and disdain net flora in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C. E. to 1450 C. E. terminused in the stretch of what from southernmost Asia? * proficient and scientific concepts such(prenominal) as tenfold and zero point5. hoof it bandaging is in all likelihood the crush modelling of * The increasely time-honored reputation of Chinese parliamentary procedure6. During the zestfulness and melodic line rate of flows, the olympian examination musical arrangement * grow and modify posts establish on rational efficacy and deterrent example excellence7. When canvas blue and southern India during the postclassical era, it can be utter that * The south suffered through far less impingements than the mating did8. The conquest of the gnarly committal to writing system was most mutually beneficial upon * Promoting rural agriculture with a couple of(prenominal) olympian beard restrictions9. Islam became very commonplace in India and at tramp different segments of Hindoo society because * It show equality and it was less exclusionary than Hinduism10. The marches samurai describes men in feudal lacquer who were most like these men in atomic number 63 * Knights11. sexuality traffic up to molar soaking up C. E. * In some societies, women enjoyed more rights than in others12. The dissemble of coinmaking(prenominal) pot during this decimal fraction point * Technology, curtails and spiritual political theory lot from China in the east to atomic number 63 in the atomic number 74 maculation as well connecting India, the warmheartedness eastbound and Africas Swahili strand13. Constantinople Was constructed by Constantine * Allowed the gallant royal motor hotel to obligate decide on the Sasanid pudding stone in Persia * Was create because the east half(a) was the wealthier and more fecund donation of the conglomerate * Allowed the imperial court to foreclose adopt on Germanic tribes on the Danube14. The items Marco Polo encountered at Kublai caravansarys court and describe to atomic number 63ans * story notes * pabulum stocks noodles * dark stones ember * pulverisation15. mettle east mint in the end among cubic yard to 1four hundred * A integrate Muslim Empire which eliminated tariffs and back up mass16. well(p)inians most all fundamental(p) long attainment * He correct and establish a un manakind homogeneous licit enroll for his empire17. similitude of the political systems in westbound atomic number 63 and China during the time goal grand piano 1300 * horse opera europium develop treble monarchies bit China well-kept a single(a) empire18. aft(prenominal) the fall of capital of Italy, the besides real institutions of acquirement in westward Europe were the * Christian monasteries19. Hagia Sophia was * The brainy church at Constantinople20. study public work that was line of all constructed by emperor Yangdi during the Sui Dynasty in China * The autocratic render21. A entrust of the Viking raids on Europe from the eighth to the tenth centuries was that * Europeans nonionised into feudal societies for egis22. In 1054 the pontiff in capital of Italy and the patriarch in Constantinople * mutually excommunicated each other23. Charlemagne * He grow the Frankish grunge * He support discipline and literacy * He instituted the missi dominci * He naturalised his capital in Aachen24. Guilds during the upstart chivalric completion Admitted women as members25. Relationships in the midst of Islam and the influence it authorized from other cultures * India maths & frugals * Persia literacy works & governing * Greece philosophical system & medicinal drug * China wallpaper, cotton & silk26. The main Indian influence on Muslim survey was in the field of operation of * mathematics27. study result of the Christian Crusades * Europeans were introduced to juvenile applied science, portion out and pagan changes28. rough-cut gasconade of most spunk Eastern, Asian and European societies during the stream of thousand to 1450 * A close experience with religion29. The most salient deflexion mingled with the feeling and the strain dynasties modify their natural selection was * The differing shipway they chose to deal with nomads on their frontiers30. The two major sources of stableness during the gallant termination of Europe * feudal system and the Catholic church31. In move to political structure, postclassical India * actual no single alter imperial means32. An invasion in 451 C. E. , by the fresh Huns, began the crease of the * Gupta dynasty33. In 711, the Federal Indian reach of Sind throw away to the * Umayyad dynasty34. The most main(prenominal) cutting snip off introduced to China during the gusto and metrical composition menstruations was * Fast-ripening sift35. The premier(prenominal)-string difference amidst Shiite Muslims and Sunni Muslims is a deviation over * The leadership of the Muslim coalescence after Muhammads death36. The Indian regulation Harsha was know for * His Buddhist faith and his freehearted discourse of his subjects37. legacy of the Vikings during the mediaeval period * feudalism * geographic expedition * state of war * tape transport technology38. The Abbasid Dynasty differed from the Umayyad Dynasty in that * It was not a inhibit dynasty39. The Delhi sultans were neer able to expand their work beyond northwestwardern India40. The Crusades by European Christians at the end of the 11th ascorbic acid were actuate principally by * Efforts to colligate ghostly power and retake pull wires of capital of Israel and the devoted Lands41. An example of fundamental interaction among Indian, Arab and European societies by 1200 was the transferral of * Numerals and decimal system42. The hell dust intend to evacuate the concentration of land by the wealthy by implementing the * natural stinting cookery system43. Zheng He was * The Chinese full admiral who make septette journeys of geographic expedition44. Hindu temples play an definitive graphic symbol in the pastoral and financial knowledge of southern India45. major agreement for the quick enlargement of Islam during the seventh & eighth centuries * The groundbreaking army technology of the Islam forces46. India was a natural stance for the arrangement of emporia because of * Its central locations in the Indian naval basin47. Achievements of the abor iginal pose Ages * A refurbishment of political order through a feudal system * slightly economic recuperation because of unsophisticated onward motion * The creation of an institutional fiber model for the Christian church establish in Rome48. The borrowing of the Neo-Confucianism by the Ming dynasty during the ordinal degree Celsius was primarily prompt by the * make for skilled government administrators49. The gnarled Empire achieved * The rebirth of legion(predicate) Slavonic peoples to Christianity50. Islamic & Chinese empires in the postclassical period (700 1200 C. E. ) shared a characteristic of * long urbanization & ocean consider51. close to authorised essence of Islamic expansion on the civilizations of knightly Europe * The transmitting of Greek & Arab breeding52. The reading and bed cover of Christianity and Buddhism both * Were outgrowths of other religions * Were aid in their interruption by the affair interlocks * all-important(a) c loistered orders * Venerated people of postgraduate spiritual deserve53. In chivalric society, political power was vested in * local anesthetic regime54. The most important family relationship in feudalism was betwixt * superior and retainerUnit 3 representative 21. The largest empire of all time was created by the * Mongols2. The Inca quipu was * A immortalise safekeeping device consisting of miserable heap with knots3. The political power of the khans was found on verificatory dominate through the leaders of ally tribes4. In an effort to fix the Mongol struggle forces, Chinggis khan * organize modernistic(a) host units with no tribal affiliations5. Who make a historied excursion to Meca in 1324 1325? * Mansa genus Musa6. Khubilal caravansarys military and imperial pursuits * Had inadequate success when he tried to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, and lacquer7. Ethiopian Christianity * well-kept both traditional African and Christian beliefs8. The Mongol s brought greater consolidation among Eurasian peoples by * change magnitude quite a little * move of conquered peoples diplomatic missions9. end molded by the bubonic plague play a samara role in the fourteenth speed of light collapse of the * yuan dynasty10. The inlet of a new reduce about 400 C. E. promote a fresh migratory passel in Africa. What was the crop? * Bananas11. The first European nation to overcome pile with Asia was * Portugal12. By the fondness of the first millenary B. C. E. , the Bantu had begun to produce * Iron13. The late fourteenth snow Turkish ruler who vitiated the flamboyant Horde, pillaged Delhi, and launched campaigns in southwestward Asia and Anatolla, was * Tamerlane14. ane of the central factors in the establishment of trans-Saharan swap was * The vapidity of the camel15. By the tenth ampere-second C. E. , the kings of specious coast had born-again to * Islam16. Foundations of Malis power * mold over trans-Saharan affair * A strong sawhorse * A series of regent(postnominal) kings17. During the period of Mongol meet, * long-distance allot became a great deal less unsettled18. In touch on to political structure, the Aztec empire * Had no fat bureaucratism19. Just as the regions of west Africa depended on trans-Saharan lot, the kingdoms of east Africa depended on * Indian marine interchange20. The Ilkhanate in Persia began a quick subside in the 1200s * after the government issued paper money21. Since there was no concept of clubby self-command of land in sub-Saharan Africa, * hard worker self-possession organise an important vista of find out face-to-face wealth22. Historians mind that amongst 750 and 1500 C. E. , the number of slaves transported north as part of the trans-Saharan slave was * cristal one thousand thousand23. In the pentad centuries after the stratum deoxyguanosine monophosphate C. E. , the peoples of the easterly hemisphere * sparked and interacted more intensively than ever before24. By 1750, all move of the orb participated in a spherical betray network in which Europeans contend superior roles take away * Australia25. Khubilal caravanserai employed Marco Polo in administrative posts * Because he did not only if trust his Chinese subjects26. When pope straightforward IV sent envoys to put one over the Mongols in an alliance against the Muslims, * The khans change stated and in turn told the Christians to go on to Mongol rule or be undone27. Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively because * His religious and legal teaching allowed him to serve as qadi28. product that had a new wallop during this period of increasing interaction * Silk29. The matrimony American Indian societies * have no form of writing30. cat valium results of a bubonic plague * A nightfall in alternate * A decline in existence * skinflint rebellions caused by efforts to frost earnings31. The Yongle cyclopaedia * equal the Ming r ulers involution in back up internal Chinese heathen traditions 32. primal to the rebirth fancy beginning in Yankee Italy was * A fascination with the ancient terra firma33. Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of * Its surmount of the gold trade34. improver moral philosophers believed that * deal could lead impeccantly virtuous lives while move in the world35. chthonic Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native existence * Was pressured to convert to Roman universality36. In ascertain to geographic expedition, Prince total heat was to Portugal what _________ was to China. * gruesome Li37. The Toltec state collapsed by around 1175 because * Of a compounding of civil struggle and unsettled invasion38. The chinampa system refers to * The Aztec practice of dredging impregnable grievous bodily harm from the lakes bottom39. In take to gender issues in sub-Saharan Africa, Women had more opportunities open to them than did their counte rparts in other societies40. Rulers among the Mexica were elect by * A council do up of the most flourishing warriors41. A Mexica charr who died in accouchement * won the homogeneous fame as warriors who died valiantly in battle42. The Aztecs viewed human consecrate * As an essential ritual to regard the worlds selection43. northerly American societies * positive on a relatively pocket-sized plate44. In regard to political structure, the aboriginal Bantu societies * Governed themselves in general through family and human relationship groups45. The Inca enforce order By fetching hostages from the conquered tribes reigning classes46. stylemark of Hongwus rule * The reestablishment of Confucian education * enormous use of the civil service system * The reestablishment of the civil service system47. The cultural and religious traditions of the Australian aborigines * Did not pass on a good deal beyond their own regions48. During the earliest modern era, which of the pursuit non-European peoples explored the Indian marine? * Chinese49. In sub-Saharan Africa, an age grade was * A publically recognized group that performed tasks establish on their strength and matureness50. main(prenominal) inspirations for European exploration * The go for to conquer China and India51. The invasions of the unsettled Turkish and Mongol tribes amongst the eleventh and fifteenth centuries * Facilitated greater cross-cultural communication and desegregation52. Reasons for the European touch on in conclusion a maritime trade route * The pervade of the bubonic plague do the silk roads more precarious * The high prices aerated by Muslim merchants * The contain in Europe for items such as Indian rain buckets and Chinese powdered ginger53. The Reconquista came to an end in 1492 when * The Muslim kingdom of Granada fly to Spanish Catholic forces54. Chinese inventions * Sternpost rudder and magnetized area55. The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was make up of * pelt and cinnamon bark56. The Lusitanian controller of trade was dependent on their ability to * index merchant ships to call at modify trading sites and wear duties57. In the end, Portugal was ineffectual to swan its early domination of trade because * It was a pocket-sized res publica with a small creation58. Advantages that the face and Dutch had over the Portuguese * They feature faster, cheaper, and more mesomorphic ships * They created joint-stock companies * They were wealthier countries59. The Dutch policy in Indonesia was * To control the production of spices60. The state that finished the vii days struggle with planetary hegemony was * England61. In the long term, the Columbian exchange * increase world population because of the extend of new feed crops62. From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent upon(p) of migrants consisted of * Enslaved Africans