Ordinary People Movie Analysis free essay sample

People is about the Jarrett family once a family of four –now of three- live a comfortable upper-mid-class lifestyle in suburban in Lake Forest, Illinois, during the 1970s. In good times, they can weather anything, but when a storm comes along, there are dangerous flaws that there are not aware of. Love, once a feeling, is now nothing more than an expectation or an obligation especially for the mother. After the death of Bucky, his older brother Conrad became deeply troubled and depressed, blaming himself for the boating accident. He tried to commit suicide by slashing his wrists and was hospitalized in a mental institution. After Conrad is released from the hospital while he is physically cured, he is by no means emotionally cured, and at the request of his father, he begins to see a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger to help him gain more control, help him come to terms with his brothers death and learn how to cope with his everyday stressors. We will write a custom essay sample on Ordinary People Movie Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movie focuses on his family life,  Conrad is becoming increasingly alienated from his mother, who he thinks wishes he wouldve died instead of his brother, because Bucky was the outgoing, handsome and perfect son. The mother She is beautiful and perfect†, a complete perfectionist who wants everything to appear to be normal and thinks Conrads suicide attempt was just to hurt her. She  doesn’t know how to deal with Conrad. She doesnt know how to really show affection for Conrad after Buck dies. She has become cold and withdrawn  while the father is paralyzed by sorrow and indecision about how to move on, and the remaining son is wracked by survivor’s guilt. The father tries way too hard to watch over Conrad because he blames himself for missing the warning signs before Conrads attempted suicide. The film will tell the story of how Conrad attempts to deal with the guilt he feels after his brother’s death, and the way they deal with it as a family, the lack of communication or affective communication and disagreements over what is priority for each member. Shows the dysfunctional nature of mother-child interaction and its devastating envelope of intense emotional pain and tragedy. 2. Identify major psychiatric disorders: Major Depression Disorder in the main character due to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder . Textbook clinical manifestations: * Fatigue or loss of energy almost very day * Depressed mood * Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt * Reduced ability to concentrate or think, or indecisiveness * Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) almost every day * Significant loss of interest or pleasure in all activities nearly every day (called anhedonia, this symptom can be indicated by reports from significant others). * Restlessness or feeling slowed down Recurring thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or plan of committing suicide. * Significant weight loss or gain (a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month) * Psychomotor agitation or retardation 4. Discuss the character clinical manifestation of the disorder He exhibits signs of depression and PTSD. He has trouble sleeping and has nightmares of trauma, which might have triggered those symptoms. He has survivor’s guilt, blames himself for a boating accident, which killed his brother. He is ruled by fear, has low self-esteem. He does not have an appetite, has very little social contact with his friends, cannot concentrate in class, is quitting the swimming team, and does not display good relationship with his parents. You also see him very anxious, disorganized and agitated behavior, pacing back and forth, talking to himself. 5. How does the protagonist’s mental illness and associated behaviors affect the family/friends/co workers/community? The father is portrayed as a unique example of fatherhood, especially understanding the demand of the situation and the dysfunction of the family. He tried to build a bridge between his wife and his son out of his natural instinct and the tendency that to maintain the secure structure of the family but ignoring the factor of human-mind complexities that were quite evidently. He tried to be the balance of the family, was suffering from frustration as he was not able to find any solution for the emotional agony between his wife and son. The conflict between his willingness to provide emotional support to his son and his wife’s unwillingness to convey any emotional message to Conrad made the father very emotionally vulnerable to a breakdown. The mother acts like an ogre and has no interest in any emotional communication with anyone in her family. She feels embarrassed of her own child, she feels like Conrad should be happy that he has a great family and that at least he is still alive; but deep down I think that she feels like he’s really guilty of his brother’s death and that he should’ve been the one that died, because his brother was stronger and was going to be able to cope with his death better not by trying to commit suicide. He’s isolating himself from his friends, especially from L, who was his and his brother’s best friend; his friend confronts him and asks him why he was to go through this alone and Conrad tells him that it just hurts too much being around him because it remind him of his brother. 6. Discuss how mental illness is portrayed in the movie? Positive or Negative   I think in a negative way due to a lack of knowledge back then. A mental illness was viewed as an embarrassment; people thought that just because you have a mental disorder you are crazy. The victims of mental illness are portrayed most often as aggressive, dangerous, and unpredictable. The main character is portrayed helpless, like he is unable to control his life and is dictated by the will of others. Although he was shown as a victim of verbal abuse, when pushed too far, he became dangerously aggressive and violent to the point where he punched one of his friends in school after he was being bullied. 7. Discuss social and or cultural attitudes in regard to mental illness as portrayed in the movie’s time frame. Compare it to present day attitude? This movie was filmed in the 1980’s which makes it play better than it would do in the present times;  because nowadays family dysfunction has become more openly acknowledged, and its often a lot more seamy and macabre than what is represented here. The title implies that the kinds of family fissures chronicled in the movie are commonplace, but the forward progress of time and the continued deterioration of the so-called â€Å"nuclear family† have diminished what was â€Å"ordinary† in 1980 to something â€Å"trite† in the 21st entury. Even though after 30 years this movie still holds and emotional value, but today this movie wouldn’t have had the  Ã‚  Ã‚   emotional punch that had in the 1980’s. 8. What treatments are utilized to treat the mental disorder? Where they effective? First treatment for the character was hospitalization in a mental hospital after he tried to commit suicide and was experienci ng an unhealthy grief. After he was released from the hospital he didn’t seek treatment until he was unable to cope with his every day life routine and with his own feelings. He attended psychotherapy twice weekly that helped him open up about his feelings, helped him learn coping with stress, and taught him how to express his feelings and not to bottle them up. At the end of the movie that was what helped the character and the father. He helped him with his insights. 9. How are mental health professionals portrayed in the movie? Psychiatrists, psychologists, and other health professionals who work with these patients, are often portrayed as â€Å"arrogant and ineffectual,† â€Å"cold-hearted and authoritarian,† â€Å"passive and apathetic,† or† shrewd and manipulative†. At the beginning he was obviously frustrated with his patient because of his inability to express his feelings. 10. Discuss moral and or ethical issues in the movie regarding mental illness? Then versus now. 11. How did you react to the characters of the movie on a personal level? Beginning vs by the end of movie. How did you react to the characters on a professional level? Did your views change? If so what point? Why? His character is foul-mouthed, disrespectful, giving tantrums here and there, but given his situation agreeable. 2. Does your knowledge of mental health/mental illness influence your response to the characters and their problems? 13. How did this film help you better understand mental illness and its treatments? I can understand better that anxiety is an essential part of the human condition, and that it needs to be confronted rather than avoided. And the more you bottle up your feelings and dont communicate the way you are feeling it just hurts you more and it can eve n become dangerous for you or anyone around you.

The Varied Size of the Roman Legions

The Varied Size of the Roman Legions Even in the course of a military campaign, the size of a Roman legion varied because, unlike the case of the Persian Immortals, there wasnt always someone waiting in the wings to take over when a legionary (​miles legionarius) was slain, taken prisoner or incapacitated in battle. Roman legions varied over time not only in size but in number. In an article estimating population size in ancient Rome, Lorne H. Ward says that up to at least the time of the Second Punic War, a maximum of around 10% of the population would be mobilized in the case of a national emergency, which he says would be about 10,000 men or about two legions. Ward comments that in the early, close-to-annual border skirmishes, only the number of men in half a conventional legion might be deployed. Early Composition of the Roman Legions The earliest Roman army consisted of a general levy which was raised from the aristocratic landowners .... based on the three tribes, each of which provided 1000 infantry.... Each of the three corps of 1000 comprised ten groups or centuries, corresponding to the ten curiae of each tribe.- Cary and Scullard The Roman armies (exercitus) were composed mainly of Roman legions from the time of the legendary reforms of King Servius Tullius [also see Mommsen], according to ancient historians Cary and Scullard. The name for the legions comes from the word for the levy (legio from a Latin verb for to choose [legere]) that was made on the basis of wealth, in the new tribes Tullius is also supposed to have created. Each legion was to have 60 centuries of infantry. A century is literally 100 (elsewhere, you see a century in the context of 100 years), so the legion would have originally had 6000 infantrymen. There were also auxiliaries, cavalry, and non-combatant hangers-on. In the time of the kings, there may have been 6 centuries of cavalry (equites) or Tullius may have increased the number of equestrian centuries from 6 to 18, which were divided into 60 units called turmae* (turma in the singular).Increasing Number of LegionsWhen the Roman Republic started, with two consuls as leaders, each cons ul had command over two legions. These were numbered I-IV. The number of men, organization and selection methods changed over time. The tenth (X) was Julius Caesars famous legion. It was also named Legio X Equestris. Later, when it was combined with soldiers from other legions, it became Legio X Gemina. By the time of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, there were already 28 legions, most of which were commanded by a senatorial legate. During the Imperial period, there was a core of 30 legions, according to military historian Adrian Goldsworthy. Republican Period Roman ancient historians Livy and Sallust mention that the Senate set the size of the Roman legion each year during the Republic, based on the situation and available men. According to 21st-century Roman military historian and former National Guard officer Jonathan Roth, two ancient historians of Rome, Polybius (a Hellenistic Greek) and Livy (from the Augustan era), describe two sizes for Roman legions of the Republican period. One size is for the standard Republican legion and the other, a special one for emergencies. The size of the standard legion was 4000 infantry and 200 cavalry. The size of the emergency legion was 5000 and 300. The historians admit of exceptions with legion size going as low as 3000 and as high as 6000, with cavalry ranging from 200-400. The tribunes in Rome, after administering the oath, fix for each legion a day and place at which the men are to present themselves without arms and then dismiss them. When they come to the rendezvous, they choose the youngest and poorest to form the velites; the next to them are made hastati; those in the prime of life principes; and the oldest of all triarii, these being the names among the Romans of the four classes in each legion distinct in age and equipment. They divide them so that the senior men known as triarii number six hundred, the principes twelve hundred, the hastati twelve hundred, the rest, consisting of the youngest, being velites. If the legion consists of more than four thousand men, they divide accordingly, except as regards the triarii, the number of whom is always the same.- Polybius VI.21 Imperial Period In the imperial legion, beginning with Augustus, the organization is thought to have been: 10 squads (contubernia - a tent group of generally 8 men) a century, each commanded by a centurion 80 men [note that the size of a century had diverged from its original, literal meaning of 100]6 centuries a cohort 480 men10 cohorts a legion 4800 men. Roth says the Historia Augusta, an unreliable historical source from the late 4th century A.D., may be right in its figure of 5000 for imperial legion size, which works if you add the 200 cavalry figure to the product above of 4800 men. There is some evidence that in the first century the size of the first cohort was doubled: The question of the size of the legion is complicated by the indications that, at some point subsequent to the Augustan reform, the organization of the legion was altered by the introduction of a doubled first cohort.... The principal evidence for this reform comes from Pseudo-Hyginus and Vegetius, but in addition there are inscriptions listing discharged soldiers by cohort, which indicate that about twice as many men were discharged from the first cohort than from the others. The archaeological evidence is ambiguous... at most legionary camps the pattern of barracks suggests that the first cohort was of the same size as the other nine cohorts.- Roth * M. Alexander Speidel (Roman Army Pay Scales, by M. Alexander Speidel; The Journal of Roman Studies Vol. 82, (1992), pp. 87-106.) says the term turma was only used for the auxiliaries: Clua was a member of a squadron (turma) - a subdivision known only in the auxilia- led by a certain Albius Pudens. Although Clua named his unit simply by the colloquial expression equites Raetorum, we can be certain a cohors Raetorum equitata was meant, perhaps cohors VII Raetorum equitata, which is attested at Vindonissa during the mid-first century. The Imperial Army Beyond the Legions Complicating questions of the size of the Roman legion were the inclusion of men other than the fighters in the numbers given for the centuries. There were large numbers of slaves and civilian non-combatants (lixae), some armed, others not. Another complication is the likelihood of a double-sized first cohort beginning during the Principate. In addition to the legionaries, there were also auxiliaries who were mainly non-citizens, and a navy. Sources Roman Population, Territory, Tribe, City, and Army Size from the Republics Founding to the Veientane War, 509 B.C.-400 B.C., by Lorne H. Ward;  The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 111, No. 1 (Spring, 1990), pp. 5-39A History of Rome, by M. Cary and H.H. Scullard; New York, 1975.The Size and Organization  of the Roman Imperial Legion, by Jonathan Roth;  Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte,  Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362How Rome Fell, by Adrian Goldsworthy; Yale University Press, 2009.

Impacts and implications on the performance and growth of small and Dissertation

Impacts and implications on the performance and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in London - Dissertation Example In this research paper, after a review of the existing literature, new econometric results on the impact and implications on the performance of SMEs, the ongoing evidences of 2009 and forecasts (2010-2013), and drive some key financial and economic policy implications. Financial crises have impacts on all the economic units as is in accordance to the case study of London and SMEs’ structure at micro and macro stages. The main purpose of this study is to determine how SMEs, which are considerably the smallest sections of economics and have a share rate of about 95% (percent) of both developing and developed countries’ economic compositions, have been both negatively and positively been influenced by the effects of financial downturn in London. Small and medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been recognized as catalysts to spur the economic advancement of London. In this regards therefore, special focus has been given to the well being of these SMEs in recognition of the f undamental roles they play in economic advancement of the London’s economy. Several research findings indicate that the small business sector has a greater importance for the national economy, the employment and the innovative environment of a country-London. Despite the encouragement and support given to the SMEs, their success and failures compared gives a more picture of frequent failures due to internal and external environmental factors. This study, therefore, gives some recent and final data for the 2009 and forecasts for 2010-2013 on financial and economic downturn impacts on the SMEs’ performance in London. Key words: financial crisis, economic downturn, econometrics, Access to Finance (ATF), small and medium-sized enterprises. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. i 1. CHAPTER ONE: GAP IN THE RESEARCH 1.1. Background of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦. 1 1.2. Competitive Advantage as Determinants of Success†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1.3. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in London †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦.. 4 1.4. Research Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 1.5. Main Objectives of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1.6. Specific Objectives of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 1.7. Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1.8. Research Hypotheses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 1.9. Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦.. 11 1.10. Scope and limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11 2. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Financial and Economic Crises and Notion of SMEs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 2.2. The Concept of Strategic Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 2.3. The Effects of Financial and Economic downturn and External Environmental Factors on Performance and growth of SME in London†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 2.3.1. Porter’s generic strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 20 2.4. Threats of New Entrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Marketing management fresh and fresh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing management fresh and fresh - Essay Example This basic criterion of customer orientation drives marketing in every industry. For example, high competitive retail industry requires marketing tools will higher value proposition such as loyalty cards etc. On the other hand, the distinguished forest industry has also realized the importance of scope of marketing on different levels of products such as ecology friendly forest generation, logging and related products. This reflects the growing up realization of the importance of marketing across various industries. In the similar context, this report is aimed at developing a marketing plan for the Fresh &Fresh which is a retail salad bar in Manchester. For developing concrete and effective marketing plans, the report has conducted situation analysis with SWOT and drove consumer insights to achieve the outlined marketing objectives. Finally, followed by the strategies for four Ps of marketing the report has provided the implementation and monitoring and evaluation plan. This will ens ure that plan remains aligned to the defined objectives successfully.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Law - Essay Example Giving out Internet user names, email addresses and other identifying information to the authorities exposes them to vulnerabilities of cybercrime such as identify theft or fraud. Furthermore, the law curtails their freedom of expression of freedom online as they know they are exposed. As such, their social life is affected and cannot engage in online dialogue even on issues that are important to them for fear of frustration by the authorities, intimidation, retaliation and harassment. The president argued the FCC to impose rules that enhance net neutrality by regulating the access to the internet. Cable companies should be required to treat all their traffic equally. As such, there will be healthy competition as cable companies cannot give any competitors undue priority over others by charging more or blocking competitor’s access. Critics of moving to Title II and the broadband industry are opposed to the President’s proposal as they term the move as an impediment to innovation and investment. They argue that the proposal will give the regulators too much power and therefore want the proposal to be stopped from implementation. The James Risen case demonstrate that reporters lack â€Å"reporter’s privilege†. This is because they are required to testify their sources. This prevents sources from revealing information to the reporters for they may be imprisoned for leaking information. The shield law has been proposed to address this concern as it will protect reporters from being compelled to disclose their sources. 4(a) Does the First Amendment prohibit judges from issuing restraining orders (â€Å"gag†orders) to stop attorneys, witnesses, jurors and other participants in an ongoing trial from talking about it? For what purpose might judges want to do this? The first amendment limits the application of restraining orders against all people involved in an ongoing case. The limit applies to instances in which the coverage of the

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be customize till specific things as per your clients requirement. The target market for the product would be mainly hospital, hotels and offices and big organizations. The target market would be sec a1 and a2 people who have high income and are educated as the product is a bit technical and requires knowledge to make it work. Moreover the system could also be installed in any specific room of the house. All that the product requires is initial setup as per customers requirement moreover further modification can be done to change the settings. The result that we expect from the launch of the product is high as such a system is not yet available anywhere in the world. Specific remotes are present that can control one or two such things but no such automated system that controls all the things automatically. As this system is unique and would be considered luxury so more and more hotel owners and big organizations would be interested to avail such a luxury product. And they would be given specific discounts if they install, in large quantities such as entire floor of a hotel or building. Moreover hospitals are another target market that we would be targeting specifically in the rooms of the patients so that they dont have to move that much, they just have to adjust the settings according to what they want and then it would be easier for them to stay. History of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation The history of Mitsubishi Electric is the history of the development of modern Japan. The company was founded in 1921, when Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co. (now Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) spun off a factory in Kobe, Japan that made electric motors for ocean-going vessels into a new company called Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. In that year, the new company entered the consumer sector by manufacturing and marketing an electric fan, which became a hit product. Over the next decade the company succeeded in landing major contracts, including one for the development of an electric railway substation. In the 1930s Mitsubishi Electric started manufacturing, installing and maintaining elevators and escalators as well as producing electric power generation equipment. The company continued to grow and branch out at a brisk pace, and by 1960 had emerged as one of the most innovative diversified electrical equipment manufacturers in Japan. In the early 1960s the company also turned its attention to environmentally conscious manufacturing techniques many years before environmental concern became a serious issue. Over the next two decades the company began extending its reach overseas while establishing itself as a pioneer in the development of computers, advanced air conditioning systems, automobile electronics, satellites powered by photovoltaic technology, and nuclear power generation. From 1980 to the present day, the pace at which Mitsubishi Electric has introduced and refined breakthrough technologies and products for the benefit of society, industry and individuals has been nothing less than astonishing. These technologies include the worlds first large-scale LED screen for sports arenas, the worlds largest CRT television screen for the consumer market, the worlds first spiral escalator, the worlds fastest elevators, the antenna technology behind the worlds first commercial in-flight Internet service, and much more. Today Mitsubishi Electric is a global giant, with operations in 35 countries, more than 100,000 employees, and consolidated net sales of more than US$32 billion. The Product/Business Idea The mission of the company is to design a specific luxurious product that would facilitate the prospective customers. So that they dont have to keep several remotes and keep on changing the settings of each and every thing in the room, the purpose is to facilitate them ,the advantage company has by the launch of the product is its uniqueness and large target market. The company aims to achieve large revenue from the launch of the product moreover ensuring after sales service and to make loyal customers of the product. Smart objectives The company aims to launch the product in such a way that it fulfills maximum requirements of the customers and can be easy to handle, as the product is of different kind the company has decided to make a test product and testing it for sometime so to avoid complications in the product. The current objective is to install it to some specific locations by making agreements, so that it could help to serve its customers in most beneficial way. Then after sometime launch the product to broader commercial level. Estimated sales During our testing phase we plan to install our product initially in hospital, hotels, houses offices and school according to their specification. After their approval we would install the whole product with all functions activated they want. It is a complete product according to the consumer want. We have estimated a steady growth in our sale because our product is new to the market and overall economy of the world is in recession. We have estimated about 3 pieces a day and steady increase in the number of products sold after the awareness and huge spending on the promotional activities. The economic condition in Pakistan and the product is new although it is launched by the renowned company with more than 80 year experience globally and brand name of Japan which we all know is master in these kinds of products. Product Positioning Our basic concern with positioning the product favorably in the minds of the consumers relative to the competitors. We are focusing our product Universal controller as superiority with respect of other indirect competitors. Our product is positioned by use and application. Figure shows a position of our project which is realized by investigation in the form of extensive surveys and primary research through focus interviews etc. Our product is positioned with attributes like Luxurious, Expensive and Sony also comes in this segment according to the diagram. Whereas other competitors brand such as Samsung, JVC, Nobel, Pel, Dawlence are positioned in terms of functional and traditional. Sony Haier JVC Panasonic Nobel Universal Controller Expensive Luxury Functional Traditional Pel Market Analysis Our overall market constitutes of SEC A1 and A2. Our segmentation strategy is to target niche market for such an expensive product and our first priority is to satisfy our customers by providing good quality of both goods and services and base our marketing strategies according to that. Mitsubishi Company is diversifying i.e. it is adding up a new product line which is unrelated to existing ones. Therefore Universal controller is targeted to entirely distinct segments. We have diversified as our firm seeks to be unique in its industry and market segmentation along with particular dimensions that customers value. These dimensions might pertain to quality, design, and service, variety of offerings etc. imposition of our marketing strategies under the age group of 25 years and above with higher bracket income who can afford to use the product. Main users of this product comprises of management of Companies/Hospitals, Five star hotels, Big Multinationals and corporations, Homes etc. we p lanned to have a strong and adequate distribution network channel to make it available in Urban areas because majority of high income holders live in these areas. We have also determined strategies based on behavioral influence, their attitudes. One may use the product and offer others to use same product after getting fully satisfied and act as a Reference group. Reference group is one of the important and have a great influence in consumer purchases, eventually persuade others to make a decision to purchase after getting cost-benefit analysis and evaluation of alternatives. Reason for launching this new product with its distinctive qualities are to have an competitive edge with other companies and to create value for money i.e. people should pay exactly the cost that would equate to benefits derive from consuming it. Our new product is address to completely new market and it is combination of some of the existing products which work separately so by actually realizing the preferen ces and new uses of the product, we made this product to meet demand that other fails to deliver. Universal controller is identified as a want of the customers which offer them complete control for whatever they want since it is customized and meet all their requirement related to electronic appliances such as room temperature control, time settings, Camera options with security control, automatic doors and windows, lightening etc. Competitors Analysis We will compete in electrical industry, where market operates with numerous products effecting our new product indirectly. there is no direct competition but there are many indirect competitors that are currently satisfying the needs of our proposed target such as all the operating units include air condition, systems which control lights, sensor for security alarms etc whereas each unit is matched by the frequency of one controller manually but our product is compatible with variety of appliances by matching up appropriate frequency. Our product holds advantage which is far more then the competitive advantage obtains by our competitors. The foremost effect which we might face after launching our product in the market is that other competitors would copy our idea, hence would make efforts to adopt our technology through tests and inspections by the engineers. There is a threat in case of existing new firms servicing same product and making suitable plans to capture our market share a nd profits. Initially well charge higher prices to cover our initial cost of investment as soon as possible before other firms fill up that space. Product Life Cycle Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Phase out Mitsubishis Universal Controller Other problems which might occur that charging a relatively high prices in introduction stage of our product lifecycle only early majorities would prefer to consume for their Life style who are minorities and on the other hand late majorities would wait for its popularity before consuming it when multiple of other substitutes will be available. In introduction phase of the lifecycle, there are usually high production and marketing cost, and since sales are not materialized, profits are low thus it is important to recognize the necessity of altering the marketing mix to meet these changing conditions. Product Adoption Obviously not all the customers immediately purchase the product in the introductory stage of the product lifecycle, initial purchase of Universal Controller would be undertaken by innovator and Early majorities, those who are first to buy the new product and comprises of those people who are venture some and willing to take risk. Product Improvement We have a policy of changing and alter the product within the specified period of time to make people aware on regular bases regarding the product improvement. We planned to improve and alter by changing the feature of the product, its outlay, design, packaging and so forth. The reason for such a change to attract more customers, provide them upgrade models through marketing research development and modifying into new versions. Marketing plan Marketing plan is an essential component for all businesses. All businesses that are successful have followed a plan. Their success did not happen because of luck, it happened because the success was planned. A marketing plan helps establish, coordinate, and direct marketing efforts. It forces the organization to take a good, hard look at the market of your field and what is currently happening to it. Its a time to establish marketing goals and objectives, which can be later used for benchmarking yourself. Marketing plans helps keep the organization on the right track by following the guidelines it sets. It is also critical when trying to borrow money. When an organization plans to allow you to borrow money or invest in your organization, they require to examine your business plan. The marketing plan is a critical part of the business plan. Marketing Plan Elements: Executive Summary: brief explanation of what the organization does its mission statement, the managements infrastructure, and a short summary about the marketing objectives and the proposed plan. Current Marketing Situation: provides information about the current location, the target markets, and competitors in the market. Competitor and Issue Analysis: a more detailed description about the competition. Also includes potential challenges that could arise in the future due to business issue. Marketing Objectives: where the marketing goals and financial objectives are set. Objectives should be challenging, yet attainable for the organization. Marketing Strategy: plan for meeting the marketing objectives. Incorporates the marketing mix. Action Programs: an explanation of the different tasks of the marketing strategy. What will be done? When will it be done by? Who will do it? What will it cost? Budget: A more detailed look at the cost of the proposed marketing activities. Measurements: sets levels to measure if objectives are being met. Sets timeline to meet these measurable objectives. Supportive Documents: references to support the marketing plan. Includes the marketing research report. Controls: monitoring system for the marketing plan. Monthly or quarterly checklists to insure that the plan is operating effectively. Also included contingency plans. Plans of action in the event of a crisis. It is important to regularly update marketing plan. The market changes almost by the hour. The first marketing plan you create probably will not be effective in the future. Macro Environmental Factors Affecting Our Marketing Plans Economic Condition: Economic condition is a significant force that is affecting the marketing activities of just any organization. Economic conditions are reflected in business cycle Prosperity, recession, depression and recovery. High Inflation rate affects, as less people will buy the product so good idea would be to cut cost rather than evaporate. Competition: A companys competitive environment has major influence on its marketing program. Brand Competition (Pel, Waves and Haier) Substitute Product (Automatic air conditioner, Sensor door ) General Competition Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives which derive from the corporate objectives relate to needs of the target markets as well as to specific sales goals. These may be referred to as general need satisfying objectives and specific sales target objectives. Our marketing efforts will focus on communicating that promise to our clientele. While making marketing objectives a lot of care and extensive information is required so that the objectives which are drafted fit the companys strategic plans at all levels. As marketing objectives are set as benchmark and every individual in the firm has to work for attaining the desired results. We have set some wide and important marketing objectives. Mitsubishi is a company that has been known as a consumer friendly firm for the reason that the company has always strived hard to make their customers happy. So that in return they give loyalty and long term commitment to the product as well as the company. Ultimate controller gives understanding customers need great importance and seriously work on it. If your customer is not satisfied one cannot exist in the market for long. Developing new products, as Mitsubishi enjoys goodwill and a good reputation across the world, the ability to produce new products under its banners as customers at large trust the company. Another important aim of the marketing department is to create brand awareness. Even though a company like Mitsubishi and its product do not need any introduction but to capture the crunch which other acquires it is necessary to make people know about the new product which is known as ultimate controller. Increase product awareness among the target audience. Inform target audience about features and benefits of our service and its advantages. Decrease or remove potential customers resistance to buying our product. Need satisfying objectives means shifting managements view of organization from a producer point of view to a satisfier of target market needs. In the case of Mitsubishi who promises and aims to provide top of line products in the market take help of research and test marketing in order to adjust need satisfying overall objectives. Mitsubishi is a highly financed company who believe in quality provision to the consumer rather than quantity make ads which best fit the mind frame of the target market, putting no negative effect on any individual. For the product which we have come up is designed after a intense research on different fronts in order to know what actually consumers demand and what are their preferences. After evaluating the research they come to a conclusion which is best suited to consumers. So that consumer is happy with the product, the company and remains loyal to both. Test marketing is another technique used by the company in order to judge the minds of the consume rs. The main focus of this type of marketing is, consumer are the best judge and evaluators and by getting results before launch will definitely improve many things which might go against company and product if not properly researched. Marketing Overall Strategy Letting the Customers Know us: It is a fact well known that if your marketing is strong and you are able to get public attention the chances of increased profitability are very high. Therefore marketing wing of ultimate controller department is highly financed and this department strives hard so that it puts long lasting and positive impact on companys profits. Profit is not the only aim of a company when it enters the market. Acquiring market share is essential for surviving in the market. We need to create good relations with our customers. But good relationships are built on trust. So it is natural that the customers would want to learn as much as they can about our company. In this modern age the vast majority of shoppers do their research on the  web  before making a purchase. Having a company website is a cost effective way to convey in-depth information about our product. Competitive Based On Value: Most people choose the product that provides the greatest value for their money. In a competitive market, theres price parity among the principal players. But since we are providing a product that is the first of its kind in Pakistan so we need not to cut our prices or rates, but instead we will add additional services that will elevate our offer making it too good to resist. This is called bundling. we may need to test various offers until you find a winning combination. Keep In Touch: We will be communicating with our customer database at least every four to six weeks. Use a combination of sales and marketing tactics to stay in touch, such calls, e-mail and postal mail. We will make a habit of periodically communicate with our customers for any problems they may have faced and their recommendations. We would also ask the customers to forward our product information to friends or family members who would appreciate our product and would help us to increase our customer database. We would emphasize on building strong relationship with our customers and their recommendations would be welcome. Strategies to Maintain and Expand Future Growth: We pursue a variety of growth strategies, including the following: the VI Strategy, which aims to make strong businesses stronger, the AD Strategy, which is designed to reinforce solutions centered on strong businesses; and the Global Strategy. With a wide range of products and businesses that are both competitive and enjoying growth in markets worldwide, the ultimate controller is pressing ahead with these strategies as it strives for further domestic and global success. Marketing Mix Strategies Product: The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be limited till specific things as per your clients requirement. The product is under the strong brand name of Mitsubishi electric. Making User Manuals Easy to Understand: The ultimate controller promotes measures to create user manuals that are easy to read and understand, enabling customers to use products safely and comfortably. Our guidebook for producing user manuals forms the basis of these measures, Changes for the Better, our corporate statement, encapsulates all that we stand for and aspire to a brighter future for society, industry and everyday life through innovation. Universal Design that Provides Ease of Use: Universal controller is designed in such a way that they can be used by as many people as possible. Mitsubishi Electric works to make products that are truly easy to use and easy to live with, by assessing products in terms of whether they facilitate worry-free living, are simple and easy to understand, use displays and expressions that are easy to identify, and incorporate ergonomic We are also working consistently to develop and improve universal designs both for the way products are used and for easier installation and maintenance. After sale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Principle of Notification, Collecting Information, Repair and Recall of Products: In a case where there is a report that a major problem has occurred in a product that we have sold, we have a system for quickly and accurately considering and deciding on steps and measures to take, including the participation of upper management. For recalls in particular, we will work on an ongoing basis to make sure all the relevant products that were sold are returned and repaired, and we will apply these efforts to a wide array of sales channels. Price: Premium pricing: Premium pricing is the practice of keeping the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinction. People think that higher price mean a superior service or product. It does not. New firms that may come into the market may provide the same quality service at lower cost. This would lead the customers to think that lower priced companies have poor customer service and a defective product. We are going to use the following two factors to enhance premium pricing: First, specialized knowledge about the service, and prove it to the customers by telling them about the impact new hardware would have on their live and guide them through the process of installation. Second, we will not hide the high price. But we will also explain the reason why the solution to their problem is too expensive, and why it would actually benefit them more in the long run. We can also gain valuable insight of our target market by testing the price before releasing that price to your whole target market. The price of our product/service would be 50,000/- if installed in a single room. Whereas special offers would be given on installation of bigger units such as one entire office or hotel floor. Moreover negations could be done on these bigger projects, by minimizing the contents of the product. it would also be favorable for the company to install on big projects as the cost of installing is less than a single room. Distribution: We would choose direct distribution channel because our product is totally new to the global market. The product is high-involvement and is not part of the regular purchase pattern. Its complex nature ensures that the customer has to be deeply involved while buying the product. Moreover, he should also evaluate all the possible alternatives. Through the direct distribution channel, we would be in a position to exercise more control over the channel. We could satisfy our customers with timely delivery and be in a position to reduce our distribution costs. Thus, meaning a reduction in the expenditures in the short and the long run. A pull selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. Push marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies geared toward your marketing and distribution channels to entice them in promoting your product. But since we are marketing the product ourselves and there are no whole sellers, intermediaries or agents we cannot utilize push marketing for our product or services. Our marketing involves creating an environment encouraging sales. The promotion campaign is to be powerful enough to pull the prospects towards the product and service. The traditional hard-selling Pakistani approach calls for pushing the products towards the clients. However, in the modern business era, the pull strategy is a better bet for increasing the sales. Pull marketing attracts ideal clients to the product. The purchase decision comes voluntarily or at least there is a product inquiry by the customer which would allow us to use our other tools to capture them. Promotional: We recommend an aggressive promotional campaign for our new product. We are doing this to persuade more and more people to buy our product. In order to promote our product, we would be using both above the line and below the line activities. We would be using the following above the line activities: Advertising through television. Newspaper. Magazines. People: The essential ingredients to any service are the staff and people. It is important to recruit an educated staff and train them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential in order to obtain to obtain a form of competitive advantage. Consumers make judgments on the product and service based on the employees they interact with. Staff will have the appropriate interpersonal skills and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. Process: Refers to the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the service. Regular check up on the customer will allow us to know if anything is wrong automatically we can then fix it. Public relation: PR is a low-cost, high-impact way to build name recognition and early sales. With it we can reach virtually any audience, and PR often provides greater credibility than advertising. Tell a Compelling Story: Major media outlets receive hundreds, even thousands, of press releases daily. The fact that our  business  is opening isnt especially interesting. We will need to go beyond the boring news and tell a story that engages the media and our audience e.g. how will your new company benefit the community? By bringing in new jobs. Choose The Right Media: The press is a fickle creature so it is best to use a media that we know will not write a bad review about us. So our press list doesnt have to be long choosing only the media that reach our best prospects and feature editorial or advertising for the product and service we are marketing. Use Media Relations Tactics: Effective PR takes dedicated attention over time to build relationships with the media. However our initial release is just a knock at the door. For an effective media relations campaign, we will need to maintain good relations with them. Make it easier to cover us: We will have a complete press package ready to send to the media that express interest in our story. This can include anything relevant, from product spec sheets to background on your company. We will begin our PR rollout just prior to launching our company, and maintain a well-targeted media relations campaign that reaches out with enough frequency to get us noticed without angering anyone either from the press or the local community then and only then we may be sure to win positive coverage for our new business. Environmental Management and Environment-Related Business Strategies Under Environmental Vision 2021, a long-range vision for environmental management formulated in October 2007, the Mitsubishi Electric Group strives to realize a sustainable society by making positive contributions to the earth and its people through technology and action. As initiatives to help prevent global warming, we are working to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from product use by 30% compared with fiscal 2001 levels, from production by 520,000 tons, or 30% compared with fiscal 1991 levels, and from power generation. With the overarching objective to promote a recycling-based society, we are also implementing measures consistent with the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) product principle while targeting zero emissions in our manufacturing processes and the elimination of direct landfill waste. As we work to ensure harmony with nature and to foster environmental awareness, we will implement initiatives that develop personnel who think, feel and act for the environment. The Mitsubishi Electric Group is active across a wide spectrum of environment-related fields. In its efforts to help prevent global warming, the Group delivers a host of energy-saving products and services such as solar power generation systems, power devices, high-efficiency automotive equipment, energy-saving countermeasure and support equipment, energy-related building equipment, high-efficiency lighting, heat pump applications and clean energy. Education and Awareness of Human Rights The Mitsubishi Electric Group recognizes that its business operations are interrelated with a wide range of peoples and societies, and our code of conduct maintains respect for human rights. Through measures such as training of our employees on human rights issues and promotion of the employment of people with disabilities, we work earnestly to foster respect for human rights while putting programs into practice. At the same time, we have a determination to apply measures appropriate to the proper handling of contemporary issues such as sexual harassment, power harassment, security of the private information of individuals, genetic therapy, and others emerging from recent c

Joan Miró Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Art

Joan Mirà ³ Spanish painter, whose surrealist works, with their subject matter drawn from the realm of memory and imaginative fantasy, are some of the most original of the 20th century. Mirà ³ was born April 20, 1893, in Barcelona and studied at the Barcelona School of Fine Arts and the Academia Galà ­. His work before 1920 shows wide-ranging influences, including the bright colors of the Fauves, the broken forms of cubism, and the powerful, flat two-dimensionality of Catalan folk art and Romanesque church frescoes of his native Spain. He moved to Paris in 1920, where, under the influence of surrealist poets and writers, he evolved his mature style. Mirà ³ drew on memory, fantasy, and the irrational to create works of art that are visual analogues of surrealist poetry. These dreamlike visions, such as Harlequin's Carnival or Dutch Interior, often have a whimsical or humorous quality, containing images of playfully distorted animal forms, twisted organic shapes, and odd geometric constructions. The forms of his paintings are organized against flat neutral backgrounds and are painted in a limited range of bright colors, especially blue, red, yellow, green, and black. Amorphous amoebic shapes alternate with sharply drawn lines, spots, and curlicues, all positioned on the canvas with seeming nonchalance. Mirà ³ later produced highly generalized, ethereal works in which his organic forms and figures are reduced to abstract spots, lines, and bursts of colors. ...

Challenges in Managing Innovation Across Supply Chains â€Evaluation and Implementation

[pic] Business Major-Minor Supply Chain Management Course Assignment Challenges in Managing Innovation across Supply Chains —Evaluation and Implementation Student: Ying Deng Student ID:1205690 Course Number: 07 14511 Teacher: Professor Dr Victoria Hanna Date: 10/01/2013 Acknowledgement This research paper is written for the subject: â€Å"Global Marketing† in the University of Birmingham. Firstly, we would like to thanks Almighty Lord to give us knowledge and keep us healthy during the whole period of our research work.Secondly, we are greatly indebted to our lecturer and advisor-Professor David Walker for his valued opinions and expert advice in the preparation of this thesis. Thirdly, we would like to express our appreciation to the convenient internet that greatly helped us to find whatever information that we needed. Finally, we want to express our gratitude to the Fujifilm Corporation for its kind assistance and support throughout the writing progress of this thesi s.We have also managed to collect some important information from the relative journals and books. All group members of the assignment University of Birmingham, April 2012 Table of contents Acknowledgement Abstract Importance of supply chain innovation Innovation and its source and types Challenge of innovation management—evaluation of innovation Effect of buyer-supplier power relations Example cases of success and failureChallenge of innovation management—implementation of innovation Implementation’s detailed challenges in different types of industry—service and physical goods Implementation’s detailed challenges in different types of industry—emerging and mature industries More challenges in innovation management REFERENCES Abstract Title of course: Supply Chain Management Program: Various. Authors: Ying Deng Supervisor: Dr Victoria Hanna Date: Sep 2012 to Dec 2012 Background: The complexity and scale of any firm’s supply chain has made the management of supply chain innovation difficult and full of uncertainty.However the fast developing market requires the supply chain to innovate as fast and efficient as possible. There are amounts of successful and failed cases of innovations across supply chain from the last centuries, yet it is a big challenge to successfully manage the innovations. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate what Fujifilm did and is doing to develop in the global circumstance and with all the internal and external factors’ impacts, also what it probably will or should do in the future to maintain its current status and to improve.Conclusion: After evaluating Fujifilm’s history and current situation along with its recent marketing feedback data, also referring to abundant marketing theories and books, we will suggest Fujifilm to take various acts and strategies to remain competitive and maintain & increase its market share. Keywords: Supple chain, Innovation, Manag ement, Evaluation, Risk, Implementation, Buyer-supplier power, Product life cycle, Pre- and Post-contractual, service and physical goods, emerging and mature industriesThe â€Å"18 months law† (Gorden E, Moore, 1965) had suggested and been proved that the electronic market doubles its product’s function while halves its prices. The other industries, while maybe slower than the electronics but similarly fast changing, suggests, that the businesses innovate in every possible aspects within and related to themselves, to fit into the fast pace of today’s dynamic world with the information explosion, to catch up with the increasing globalization, savage price competition, increased customer demand for enhanced quality and reliability.Studies and experiences show that R&D spending is strongly positively associated with the probability of introducing a new product, and most of the businesses are willing to invest in the R&D activities to create the internal innovations (BRDIS data, NSF 11-300). However, apart from the internal R&D, the innovation can also be gained both from the supply chain itself such as by re-organizing resources or enhancing distribution systems, and the other ends across the supply chain, such as improvement from end-users’ feedback. One of the well-known examples is P&G's Continuous Replenishment Planning (CRP).The company Proctor & Gamble changed the entire value chain by driving orders based on DC withdrawal and sales data that successfully improved its service and reduced costs across the supply channel (Roger C. Vergin, & Kevin Barr, 1999). The direct customer input derives innovation, such as the overall product concept, and the timing of the launch to packaging and delivery (Kevin O'Marah, 2005). Other typical examples including innovations caused by improved assembly line such as the Ford Company in the early 1910s, and advanced technologies and processes such as the enhanced Ocean shipping container by Malcom Mclean in the 1956, etc.According to Porter’s five forces theory, the business is affected by its suppliers, customers, new enchants and new substitutes (Micheal E, Porter, 1979). Supply chain as it stands for, is usually regarded as the flow of resources and products from the supplier, through the firm, to the customers. Supply chain links the supplier, the business and the end-users (customers), as one of its key natures. The other features include its complexity caused by the fact that businesses’ product manufacturing or service providing usually involves more than one supplier and customer.These facts lead to the high possibility of innovations from the supply chain. Not only has the physical goods’ flow in the supply provided opportunities of innovation, but also the information flow from the opposite direction of the physical goods. The sources of innovation are mainly concluded as â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† (Clegg, Juliana & Pilkington, 2 011). The â€Å"push† stands for technological opportunities that breed the innovation. The â€Å"pull† stands for market needs that urge for innovation. Also, there are more than the two sources, such as regulation change, users’ feedback, staff, etc.Innovation across supply chain can be from both to the â€Å"pull† and â€Å"push† fact just as the examples of Ford and P&G respectively. As stated above, the vast source of innovation of supply chain and from the supply chain provides a great pool of ideas and potential. However, accordingly, the variety also raises the problem of whether a specific innovation actually suits the business and the industry, and whether it can actually fulfill the aim of innovation—to make the profit rise, to satisfy stakeholder’s interests better by changes such as reduced cost or added value.The scale of supply chain raises the uncertainty of an innovation. This brings us to the discussion of challenges in managing innovation. How to evaluate the suitability of a supply chain innovation to an firm? Will there be any potential constraints to the innovation in the supply chain? How to deal with the timing issue of the evaluation? Will this innovation be risky in any part of the supply chain, from the supplier to the customer? Innovation can mainly be sorted into four types: Product, Process, Position, and Paradigm (4P’s).Whichever it is sorted into, innovation can be defined as a new idea, or the recombination of old ideas, or a scheme than challenges present order, or a formula, or a unique approach (Van de Ven, 1986:591). Most examples of the simple innovation are R&D departments’ new product design. This type of innovation are usually based on careful market research, built after detailed study of profitability and potential risk, released into the market after thorough limited-scoop test and trial. model) During all this process, the staff of the firm can gain full understanding of the design, and the design can be changed at any stage of the process to fit into the firm’s expectations and the market’s current trends. Also, as this type of innovation origins within the firm, the main timing issue of it will lay on the dynamic need and technology of the external market environment, while the consideration of competitors’ imitation/substitute can be comparatively lower as all the details could be kept in house or by patenting.On the other hand, innovations from the supply chain could be different. As the innovation can lay in any part of the supply chain, such as a enhanced information exchange system, or the distribution system’s transformation, the innovation will need thorough evaluation process to decide its suitability, such as the Farbey et al. (1993) and  Farbey & Finkelstein (2000) IS implementation’s evaluation framework. The effect of the innovation might not fit into the firm’s market envir onment and its current situation’s strategy.One of the most important aspects of the supply chain management is to study the buyer-supplier power relation, to reduce cost and increase value of the supply chain. Innovations across the supply chain, whether it is an information update or system reform or use of new technology, they can influence the power relation of the supply chain, desirably or undesirably. Positive changes to the power relation can help the firm gain a favorable position in or after the process of purchase/signing of contract.Taking the consideration of buyer-supplier power shift before an innovation is adopted is vital to the success of its implementation. The power relations, affected by information, scarcity and utility, can actually decide the profitability of the production and risk distribution between the firm itself and its suppliers & buyers. If the innovation to the supply chain lowers the liability to specific supply of materials, for example, th en the firm’s buyer power towards its supplier increases, with a possibility to bargain for lower prices on the materials.If, however, the liability is increased by the innovation, the supplier’s power increases, giving them the power to increase the selling price. The innovations, bringing changes to the current buyer-supplier relations, have the risk of lowering the buyer/supplier power of the firm, hence putting the firm in a unfavorable position in the supply chain, with the consequence of new or increased cost paid to suppliers, or reduced price to the buyers. It may also cause a decline in quality or efficiency as a series consequence.The wrong evaluation of the changes an innovation can bring to the supply chain and its buyer-supplier relations can be disastrous. Let us have a look at the Aris Isotoner’s 1994 sourcing calamity case. Trying to lower the cost, the executive of the company replaced the in-house production with outsourcing from suppliers in o ther Asian locales. However, this approach did not reduce the cost but raised it around 10-20%. Also, the responding speed was found slower, and the quality of the product was plummeted.As a series result, the company’s sales halved, causing more than $100 million loss and long lasting effects that required more investing to maintain the company. The Aris case is a clear example of how important it is to accurately evaluate the suitability and risk level of an innovation. The idea of outsourcing needs to be considered together with the current difference between in-house production and buying from suppliers. Not only the cost need to be considered, but also the quality of the product, and the speed of product supply.Taking it a little further, the communication process with the supplier can incur unexpected costs, for example, the lawyer fee. The matter of unemployment to the old plant’s employees could possibly cause HR problems that need time and effort to solve. The financial situation of the company may go through cash flow issues since the purchase of product can be much more expensive than raw materials. If the case is the other way around, that a company wants to bring the components’ production in-house, there can be multiple considerations, too.Apart from the problem of cost, location and quality, there can be human resource (suitable staff for the new plant, for example) and technology problems. As the production technology is comparatively new to the firm’s staff, it could be difficult to build up efficiency with the same cost at the beginning. Before an innovation to the supply chain is brought into practice, it is crucial to consider every possible impact that this innovation can have. Based on the scale of even the tiniest company, this could be difficult not to miss any aspect.In fact, supply chain innovation is more than difficult to go over restricted-scale test as there are actually no samples of supply chain. Eith er put the innovation into practice to observe the result after a while, or â€Å"simulate† it in imaginary models that cannot be perfectly detailed and has considerable mistake rates. Even if the suitability and risk level of an innovation can be accessed, can the response of the whole supply chain be quick enough and accurate enough? Will the integration of changed resources, information, the staff’s thinking and supplier updating be in time?Will there be â€Å"distortions† within the communication between the ends of supply chain? Is there any demand or idea conflict in the different fraction of the supply chain? These can all be the challenges that an innovation in the supply chain can meet. Also because of the innovation across the supply chain can hardly be kept in house, the firm’s competitors can get access to the ideas and the two firms may enter the situation that whichever introduces the new idea into the market first gains more advantage.Thus the innovation from the supply chain might end up as low or even no profit after evaluation, adoption, development and testing. This brings us to the challenge of proper implementation method and speed of the innovation. Based on different types of the supply chain, natures of different industries and the different environment of the market, the concerns and priorities of the implementation can actually be completely different. We will look into the difference between service and physical goods supply chain, and the difference between mature and emerging industries’ supply chain in the following paragraphs.All the challenges mentioned above can be seen in both service supply chains and physical good’s supply chains. These two types of supply chains share many same challenges, such as cost management, resource allocation, etc. They both need to be more dispersed, digitized and dynamic to catch up with the market trends. Unless the physical goods industry can successfull y digest the brought-innovation to gain its own patents, the two types of industries will both face the challenge of competitors’ imitation and timing.They will have differences of challenges, such as () but the major ones are usually the same as mentioned above. However, their priorities could be totally different. Though the service and physical goods supply chains face the same challenges mentioned above, there are some major differences between these two types of supply chain innovation. The difference is not shown by challenge’s types, but by the importance or significance of the same challenge.For example, service supply chain face the challenge of updating their staff’s knowledge of the new innovation as human resource is vital to the business and they actually face more intangible innovation than tangible ones, while physical goods supply chains might need to focus more on updating the plants and materials to follow up the new innovation’s require ments. Service, as an intangible product, focus its value more on technologies, techniques and human resource that accomplishes the service, and customer interaction level is generally higher.This implements that the service industry will focus more on intangible equities than tangible ones. When an innovation is in operation, for example, a new set of service, the service supply chain may suffer huge losses if its human resource and technology cannot follow the change, which may even lead to complete failure on the innovation. Also, the tight relation between service and customer participation requires the supply chain to be highly agile (Narasimhan, et al, 2006) to deal with changing demands.On the other hand, the physical goods supply chains are less strained to keep their staff on the trend. After evaluation of innovation, they are more affected by the problems related to physical production, such as material’s moving, location, distribution, etc. In emerging markets and mature ones, there can be difference of priorities to manage challenges, too. See it from the product life cycle theory (PLC), the mature markets’ products have stabilized consumer base, and the strategy of the firm is set and focused.The mature industries tend to have more incremental innovations either on process or on the product, thus they might need more time to evaluate the innovation based on existing products, and the consideration of cost and stuff/culture conversion. The strategies such as cost leadership, focus strategy, or differentiation give specific demand of innovation—lower the cost, or quicker delivery, or advanced function, etc. The human resource is well equipped with needed knowledge and technique, whereas the thinking of staff is harder to change.The priority of innovation management could be stabilizing, maintaining, improving, thus call for incremental innovation. The challenges are featured as trying not to affect existing value creation activi ties. Opposite to it, the emerging industries are going through fast growth, and demands radical innovation that has the potential to largely increase revenue or significantly reduce cost. The emerging industries have more possibility to encounter major breakthroughs and the radical innovations. There may be tense competition for market share. The market is unstable and the corporate strategies could change every day to follow market trends.Based on the emerging market, the supply chain’s innovations need to be fast responding and competency-building. The difference of innovation’s requirements can result in different evaluation standards and different methods to carry out the innovations. What’s more, we can see from the buy-supplier relation perspective. The emerging industries’ supply chain may hold more possibilities of communicating with new suppliers for new resources, so there need to be thorough consideration of the pre-contractual power relations . Wrong estimation of power relations may cause unnecessary costs.This requires more work on cost management and balancing benefits between different parties. In some of the cases, emerging industries face less competition, so the challenge of timing could be minor, but a few other cases mainly on service industries show that the emerging business could face even more severe competition and their profitability can vary significantly according to the introduction time. The suitability of innovation could be even harder to decide, because they will need to evaluate by speculation instead of looking for existing experience.They can consider less on the culture/staff conversion, though, as the thinking mode has not been set up yet. While for mature industries the existing pre-contractual relations are relatively stable because the information and resource of the buyer and supplier, no matter whether they are new entrants or existing firms, will actually be more stable. They will need to consider post-contractual power relations carefully, though, when the supply chain innovations are related to the replacement of suppliers. The transaction cost economy (TCE) shows that any changes to existing contracts can raise uncertainty hence raise risk to the supply chain.Based on individual industries’ difference, the challenges of managing innovation across the supply chain can be different in importance, significance and difficulty to settle. The nature of the industry, for example, whether it is national or international business, determines the priorities of challenge management. This is more specific to the individual differences, and requires experience and thorough research and careful design to successfully manage the innovations. The above mentioned challenges of evaluation and implementation are just two aspects of the challenges that innovation across the supply chain might encounter.There are also other challenges, such as managing conflicting requirements between the innovation’s development and the existing system, managing long term human resource and culture in relation to the innovation, developing the proper strategy to achieve win-win situation with the new innovation, etc. The last two mentioned above link to the features of the supply chain—more than one party is involved. The difference of staff and culture between the source party of innovation and the receiver party of it leads to the need of change in minds for the new innovation.The fact of involvement of the multiple parties leads to the possibility of win-win situation. However, this possibility could be a challenge because this could be a scenario of the game theory. Innovations can be the source of huge breakthrough and greater success to a firm’s supply chain. It can also be the source to risk and failure of the firm. Managing the challenges of supply chain innovation, though it is complex and require great efforts, can reduce the risks of the innovation. References: Watson, G. and Lonsdale, C. (eds. ) (2003) Managing the Supply Base within Business Networks, chapter 4Allwright, A. and Oliver, R. (1993) Buying Goods and Services, chapters 12-14 R Verma and K K Boyer, (2010) Operations and Supply Chain Management: World Class Theory and Practice, South-Western Dong Won Cho, Young Hae Lee, Sung Hwa Ahn, Min Kyu Hwang, (2012)A framework for measuring the performance of service supply chain management, Soft Computing for Management Systems, 62(3), Pages 801–818 A. J. van Weele, (2010) â€Å"Purchasing & supply chain management: analysis, strategy, planning and practice† 5th edition, Andover: Cengage Learning,Evangelista Pietro, Alan McKinnon, Edward Sweeney and Emilio Esposito, (2013)†Supply Chain Innovation for Competing in Highly Dynamic Markets: Challenges and Solutions. † IGI Global, 2012, 1-350. Web: 3-32 Alessandro Brun, Maria Caridi, Assessing Improvement Opportunities and Risks of Supply Chai n Transformation Projects (ed. ), (2008) â€Å"Supply Chain†[online], available from: INTECH, http://www. intechopen. com/books/supply_chain/assessing_improvement_opportunities_and_risks_of_supply_chain_transformation_projects (02/01/2013) Debra Hofman, Stan Aronow, 21 May 2012, The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for 2012 [online], http://www. artner. com/id=2021615#t-N70737 (05/01/2013) Jan 2006, The 11 greatest supply chain disasters [online], available from: Supply Chain Digest, http://www2. isye. gatech. edu/~jjb/wh/tidbits/top-sc-disasters. pdf (29/12/2012) Jackson, R. , (1995) An Empirical investigation of the differences in goods and services as perceived by organizational buyers, Industrial Marketing Management, 24 (2), pp. 99-108 Andrew Cox, Paul Ireland, Chris Lonsdale, Joe Sanderson and Glyn Watson, (2004) â€Å"Supply Chains, Markets and Power—Mapping buyer and supplier power regimes† [online], Taylor & Francis e-Library, available from: Google books, h ttp://books. oogle. co. uk/books? hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=HYBP9GsLpw8C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=buyer+supplier+power&ots=MmcU_1fXwW&sig=VwMwnViasijZHb5CNSVb53Rrlw4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=buyer%20supplier%20power&f=false (23/12/2012) Marjolein C. J. Caniels, Cees J. Gelderman,(2007) â€Å"Power and interdependence in buyer supplier relationships: A purchasing portfolio approach†, Industrial Marketing Management, Volume 36, Issue 2, Pages 219-229, ISSN 0019-8501, 10. 1016/j. indmarman. 2005. 08. 012. http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S001985010500132X) (28/12/2012) J M Tuazon, (2011)†The top three reasons supply chain transformations fail† [online], available from: enterprise innovation, http://enterpriseinnovation. net/whitepaper/top-three-reasons-supply-chain-transformations-fail (31/12/2012) â€Å"Procter & Gamble: Finding the Right Business Model† [Online], available from: https://dspace. ist. utl. pt/bitstream/2295/141516/1/AOSI-2007-CASOH. pdf (26/12/ 2012)

Impact of the Common Core Standards

Impact of the Common Core Standards The Common Core Standards will be fully implemented beginning in 2014-2015. So far there are only five states that have chosen not to adopt these standards including Alaska, Minnesota, Nebraska, Texas, Virginia. The impact of the Common Core Standards will loom large as this is perhaps the biggest shift in educational philosophy in the history of the United States. Much of the population will be significantly impacted by the implementation of the Common Core Standards in one form or another. Here, we look into how different groups may be affected by the upcoming Common Core Standards. Administrators In sports, it has been said that the coach gets too much praise for winning and too much criticism for losing. This will likely hold true for superintendents and school principals when it comes to the Common Core Standards. In an era of high stakes testing, the stakes will never be higher than they will be with the Common Core. The responsibility of that school’s success or failure with the Common Core Standards ultimately falls back on its leadership. It is essential that administrators know what they are dealing with when it comes to the Common Core Standards. They need to have a plan for success in place that includes providing rich professional development opportunities for teachers, being logistically prepared in areas such as technology and curriculum, and they must find ways to get the community to embrace the importance of the Common Core. Those administrators who do not prepare for the Common Core Standards could end up losing their job if their students do not perform adequately. Teachers (Core Subjects) Perhaps no group will feel the pressures of the Common Core Standards greater than teachers. Many teachers will have to change their approach altogether in the classroom in order for their students to succeed on the Common Core Standards assessments. Make no mistake that these standards and the assessments that accompany them are intended to be rigorous. Teachers will have to create lessons that include higher level thinking skills and writing components in order to prepare students for the Common Core Standards. This approach is difficult to teach on a daily basis because students, particularly in this generation, are resistant to those two things. There will be more pressure than ever placed on teachers whose students do not perform adequately on the assessments. This could lead to many teachers being fired. The intense pressure and scrutiny that teachers will be under will create stress and teacher burnout which could lead to many good, young teachers leaving the field. There is also a chance that many veteran teachers will choose to retire rather than make the necessary changes. Teachers cannot wait until the 2014-2015 school year to begin to change their approach. They need to phase Common Core components gradually into their lessons. This will not only help them as teachers but will also help their students. Teachers need to attend all the professional development that they can and collaborate with other teachers about the Common Core. Having a firm understanding about what the Common Core Standards are as well as how to teach them are necessary if a teacher is going to be successful. Teachers (Non-Core Subjects) Teachers who specialize in areas such as physical education, music, and art will be affected by the Common Core State Standards. The perception is that these areas are expendable. Many believe that they are extra programs that schools offer as long as funding is available and/or they do not take critical time away from core subject areas. As the pressure mounts to improve test scores from Common Core assessments, many schools could choose to end these programs thus allowing more instructional time or intervention time in the core areas. The Common Core Standards themselves present opportunities for teachers of non-core subjects to integrate aspects of the Common Core standards into their daily lessons. Teachers in these areas may have to adapt to survive. They will have to be creative in including aspects of the Common Core in their daily lessons while remaining true to the academic roots of physical education, art, music, etc. These teachers may find it necessary to reinvent themselves in order to prove their mettle in schools across the country. Specialists Reading specialists and intervention specialists will increasingly become more prominent as schools will need to find ways to close gaps in reading and math that struggling students may have. Research has proven that one-on-one or small group instruction has a greater impact at a quicker pace than whole group instruction. For students who struggle in reading and/or math, a specialist can work miracles in getting them on level. With the Common Core Standards, a fourth-grade student who reads on a second-grade level will have little chance to be successful. With the stakes as high as they will be, schools will be smart to hire more specialists to assist those fringe students who with a little extra assistance can get on level. Students While the Common Core Standards presents an enormous challenge for administrators and teachers, it will be the students who unknowingly benefit the most from them. The Common Core Standards will better prepare students for life after high school. The higher level thinking skills, writing skills, and other skills attached to the Common Core will be beneficial to all students. This does not mean that students will not be resistant to the difficulty and changes associated with the Common Core Standards. Those wanting instant results are not being realistic. Students entering middle school or above in 2014-2015 will have a harder time adjusting to the Common Core than those entering Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten. It will probably take a full cycle of students (meaning 12-13 years) before we can realistically see the true impact of the Common Core Standards on students. Students need to understand that school will be more difficult as a result of the Common Core Standards. It will require more time outside of school and a focused approach in school. For older students, this is going to be a difficult transition, but it will still be beneficial. In the long run, a dedication to academics will pay off. Parents The level of parental involvement will need to increase in order for students to be successful with the Common Core Standards. Parents who value education will love the Common Core Standards because their children will be pushed like never before. However, those parents who fail to be involved in their child’s education will likely see their children struggle. It will take a total team effort beginning with the parents for students to be successful. Reading to your child every night from the time they are born are beginning steps to being involved in your child’s education. A disturbing trend in child rearing is that as a child gets older, the level of involvement decreases. This trend needs to be changed. Parents need to be as involved in their child’s education at age 18 as they are at age 5. Parents will need to understand what the Common Core Standards are and how they impact their child’s future. They will need to communicate more effectively with their children’s teachers. They will need to stay on top of their child making sure that homework is completed, providing them with extra work, and stressing the value of education. Parents ultimately have the most impact on their child’s approach to school and no time is this more powerful than it will be in the Common Core Standard era. Politicians For the first time in the history of the United States, states will be able to compare test scores accurately from one state to the other. In our current system, with states having their own unique set of standards and assessments, a student could be proficient in reading in one state and unsatisfactory in another. The Common Core Standards will create competition between states. This competition could have political ramifications. Senators and representatives want to their states to thrive academically. This could help schools in some areas, but it could hurt them in others. The political influence of the Common Core Standards will be a fascinating development to follow as the assessment scores begin to be published in 2015. Higher Education Higher education should be positively affected by the Common Core Standards as students should be better prepared for a college curriculum. Part of the driving force behind the Common Core was that more and more students entering college were requiring remediation particularly in the areas of reading and math. This trend led to a call for increased rigor in public education. As students are taught using the Common Core Standards, this need for remediation should significantly decrease and more students should be college-ready when they leave high school. Higher education will also be directly impacted in the area of teacher preparation. Future teachers need to be adequately prepared with the tools necessary to teach the Common Core Standards. This will fall on the responsibility of teacher colleges. Colleges who do not make changes in how they prepare future teachers are doing a disservice to those teachers and the students whom they will serve. Community Members Community members including merchants, businesses, and tax paying citizens will be affected by the Common Core Standards. Children are our future, and as such everyone should be invested in that future. The ultimate purpose of the Common Core Standards is to prepare students adequately for higher education and to enable them to compete in a global economy. A community fully invested in education will reap rewards. That investment may come through donating time, money, or services, but communities that value and support education will thrive economically.

Ex Convict And Alcoholic Analysis Social Work Essay Essays

Ex Convict And Alcoholic Analysis Social Work Essay Essays Ex Convict And Alcoholic Analysis Social Work Essay Essay Ex Convict And Alcoholic Analysis Social Work Essay Essay This assignment takes up the survey and analysis of Malcolm. An ex-convict with an intoxicant dependence record, Malcolm has late been released, after a long stay, from prison. Presently shacking in a inn for ex-offenders, Malcolm is expecting the allocation of a local authorization flat. Malcolm has been referred to societal services by the inn staff. The complete instance survey is detailed in the appendix. Much of Malcolm s jobs with intoxicant have contributed to his condemnable activity in the yesteryear. However, he has been alcohol free during his long prison sentence and has non resumed imbibing since his release. Malcolm still continues to smoke and in a recent incident about started a fire in the inn when he fell asleep with a lit coffin nail. In add-on to limited mobility, due to arthritis of the articulatio genuss, Malcolm appears to be disoriented, unable to do coherent determinations and organize his life. He seems loath to do societal contact and has refused all efforts to take part in a local tiffin nine or even help of the dial-a-ride community conveyance strategy. His lone household contact is a boy life in Spain, whom he meets twice a twelvemonth. This survey takes up the analysis of the instance survey on Malcolm from the position of societal work theory and pattern applications in appraisal and planning, with specific attending to person-centric and anti-discriminatory attack to pattern. The survey is structured into two parts, each of which trades with a specific societal work method. The first portion trades with the appraisal of Malcolm s instance and the 2nd portion trades with planning of interventional activities. Role of Social Work Theory in Understanding Service Users Social work is basically concerned with the changeless combating of subjugation and favoritism that exists within society and is normally directed towards disadvantaged sections ( Davies, 2008, p 20-25 ) . Social work theory plays a important function in understanding service users from the position of their age, gender, civilization, spiritual and socio-economic backgrounds ( Payne, 2005, p 10-12 ) . The function of societal work theory is important in understanding the fortunes of the service user. Social work theory employs the eclectic usage of theories and legitimises the usage of a wider scope of subjects ( Payne, 2005, p 10-18 ) .Because every state of affairs is different, societal workers must believe laterally and creatively to turn to the demands of their service users, using theories known to them at any given clip whilst being guided by professional values and codifications of behavior ( Payne, 2005, p 10-18 ) . Whilst traditional societal work theory established sociolo gy as a scientific discipline, modern twenty-four hours societal work theory emphasises the importance of subjectiveness, moralss and societal justness with a person-centred attack ( Payne, 2005, p 10-18 ) . Appraisal Assessment, planning and intercession are indispensable elements of modern-day societal work pattern ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 20-30 ) . Each of these methods constitute critical elements of societal work pattern that purpose to ( a ) set up the existent province of vulnerable people, both immature and old, who are in demand and to ( B ) program and present necessary societal and wellness attention services in order to heighten their societal or economic fortunes ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 20-30 ) . Malcolm s instance is a cause for serious concern as he suffers from chronic physical and mental wellness jobs originating from prolonged intoxicant maltreatment. A careful appraisal of Malcolm s instance will help in explicating suited programs for intercession. Malcolm is 73 twelvemonth old ex-convict and ex-alcoholic. Much of his condemnable activities in the yesteryear have been attributed to his dependence on intoxicant and he has spent a major portion of his life in prison. Several physical, psychological and societal jobs can attest themselves in drawn-out intoxicant maltreatment ( Connors, et Al, 2004, p 35-42 ) . Some manifestations include assorted wellness jobs like liver cirrhosis, ictuss, backdown from societal activities, devaluation of personal and work relationships, battle in condemnable activities and troubles in executing at work or at place ( Connors, et Al, 2004, p 35-42 ) . The UK has a important aged population ( Department of Health, 2005, p 80-96 ) . Alcohol maltreatment upsets amongst the aged are common, but tend to be ignored, as compared to other physical and mental wellness issues ( Connors, et Al, 2004, p 35-42 ) . In recent old ages the NHS and societal attention services have been doing commissariats and advancing programmes for the well being of older people, particularly in countries of specific disablements ( Department of Health, 2005, p 80-96 ) . Although Malcolm has abstained from intoxicant during and after his release, he finds it hard to reintegrate himself into chief watercourse society. Unable to bear the societal stigma associated with his yesteryear, he is insulating himself. His long dependence on intoxicant has besides led to a scope of physical and mental challenges ( Connors, et Al, 2004, p 35-42 ) . At important hazard, he is besides prone to accidentally wounding himself and others. The inn Staff has raised concerns that he is exposing marks of terrible depression and isolation, abstaining and retreating from engagement in societal activities and sing troubles in doing consistent determinations. In add-on, his creaky articulatio genuss are restricting his mobility. Besides this, he has no beginning of income or occupation. Bing in the aged age group, this farther compounds his job. Under the fortunes, concerns are raised that Malcolm may non be able to get by on his ain, one time the allocation of his local auth orization level comes through. Recent old ages have witnessed the outgrowth of a person-centred attack to societal work pattern ( Thompson, 2006, p 15-19 ) . The attack emphasises that the positions and sentiments of the service are the most of import elements in the appraisal procedure. Social workers are required to follow anti-discriminatory work patterns by extinguishing societal prejudices and developing a echt empathy for service users challenges ( Thompson, 2006, p 15-19 ) . However, Lena Dominelli ( 2004 ) argues that an nonsubjective person-centred attack to societal work pattern is non possible. Harmonizing to Neil Thompson ( 2006 ) discriminatory attitudes and perceptual experiences in societal work constantly go entrenched due to structural, cultural and personal factors. As a societal worker, I have to be cognizant and sensitive to the fact that persons become victims of intoxicant and substance maltreatment despite contrary purposes. Whilst measuring Malcolm s instance, I will necessitate to set up an emphasized, respectful relationship and follow a person-centred attack ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 20-30 ) . I will necessitate to clear up the intent of societal work, the processs involved and the appraisal and planning procedure ( Davies, 2008, p 35-42 ) . I will besides necessitate to pass on clearly and explicitly his engagement in the complete appraisal procedure and the benefits to be derived from this exercising ( Davies, 2008, p 35-42 ) . I will besides necessitate to guarantee confidentiality and explicate the codification of confidentiality to him ( Davies, 2008, p 35-42 ) . I will besides necessitate to construct a strong and empathic relationship with him and discourse the demand for us to work together with changeless information sharing in order to get the better of his jobs ( Davies, 2008, p 35-42 ) . I will hold to set up the province of Malcolm s mental and physical wellness jobs, his baccy dependence and intoxicant related jobs, his household and societal relationships. My assessment process will affect referral to Malcolm s file ; from ( a ) constabulary and prison records ( B ) general practician s wellness records and medical appraisal ( degree Celsius ) inn staff ( vitamin D ) a personal meeting with Malcolm and, ( vitamin E ) beginning information from Malcolm s boy. I will necessitate to entree his constabulary records to gauge his mental and physical wellness whilst imprisoned, his activities and his relationships with other inmates. Past records from his general practitioner/health worker will enable me to set up the exact province and extent of Malcolm s mental and physical impairment. A fresh medical appraisal would besides be necessary to determine these facets. The inn staff will assist me to find whether Malcolm is a victim of societal stigma and exclusions, his societal backdown, his substance maltreatment and communicating jobs. I will besides necessitate to place Malcolm s personal positions and values, the grounds for his past behavior, with particular respect to alcohol maltreatment and subsequent felon activity and besides the grounds for his present societal backdown, his upbringing and household relationships, his cultural and spiritual background, his instruction, past employment records and the trade or accomplishments that he may hold acquired or possesses. Confirmations from Malcolm s boy will set up the sort of relationship they portion at the minute, their household life in the yesteryear, the sort of parent Malcolm has been and his relationship with boy s female parent. Intervention The chief aim of societal work is to supply aid to fulfill the basic demands and heighten the well being of the service users and to authorise persons who are hapless, laden and vulnerable by effectual intercession ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 38 -41 ) . Intervention programs are taken in coaction with the client and other members of the squad ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 38 -41 ) . In explicating intercession programs, the societal worker must needfully see the service user s cultural, cultural, spiritual, socio-economic and educational backgrounds. Harmonizing to the NASW ( 2005 ) Intervention must include programs for ( a ) damages demands identified in analysis, ( B ) information, mention and instruction, ( degree Celsius ) psychological, fiscal, vocational and educational guidance, ( vitamin E ) psycho-educational support systems and ( degree Fahrenheit ) interdisciplinary public assistance planning. An appraisal of Malcolm s instance highlights the fact that a combination of drawn-out intoxicant maltreatment, mental, physical and societal jobs has put Malcolm at important hazard. To enable Malcolm take a more productive being, particularly after he shifts into independent life quarters, it is necessary that Malcolm is provided with ( a ) equal medical and fiscal aid, ( B ) psychiatric and vocational guidance, ( degree Celsius ) Alcoholic Anonymous referral and ( vitamin D ) aid to incorporate into chief watercourse societal life ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 38 -41 ) . To efficaciously step in in Malcolm s instance, I will hold to assist Malcolm do informed picks. I will besides hold to put up meetings with ( a ) medical practician to measure his physical fittingness, ( B ) psychiatric counsellor/psychologist and ( degree Celsius ) vocational counselor to look into his accomplishments and occupation suitableness ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 38 -41 ) . Since Malcolm is diffident and withdrawn, I will besides hold to assist him organize a web of friends and to acquire a sure friend to attach to him on dial-a-ride or to the local tiffin nine. I will hold to invariably supervise his advancement to guarantee that he complies and reintegrates himself into chief watercourse society ( Parker A ; Bradley, 2007, p 38 -41 ) . I will besides necessitate to inform him of his rights and privileges as a senior citizen under the NHS and societal attention service strategies and programmes, his right to province fiscal aid, senior citizen aid commissions and groups. I will besides necessitate to guarantee that Malcolm is allotted a suited local authorization flat, within the stipulated clip ( National ..2005, p 21-22 ) Whilst appreciating Malcolm s soundness in abstaining from intoxicant for a significant period of clip, I will hold to explicate the necessity of him fall ining self assist groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) non merely to forestall a reversal of wont but besides to develop self regard. I have besides taken attention to mention his instance to AA and ensured that they have received the referral. Decision A senior citizen, Malcolm has had a history of intoxicant maltreatment and condemnable activities. Recently released from prison, he is now stays in a inn for ex-offenders. Malcolm has been exposing terrible physical and psychological jobs and is at important hazard. The inn Staff has raised concerns that Malcolm may be unable to populate independently. Social work theory plays an of import function in understanding the fortunes of the service users. In recent old ages, societal work pattern has become more person-centred in attack. However, there are statements that societal work pattern can non be to the full individual centred, as factors of structural, personal and civilizations influences are interwoven into the societal worker s character. As his societal worker, I will hold to measure Malcolm from assorted positions of his past history of substance maltreatment and condemnable activities, personal and household relationships, medical records, personal positions and values, inn staff and boy. In carry oning my appraisal, I will hold to set up an emphasized relationship with Malcolm, whilst being sensitive to the issue of substance maltreatment. I will hold to underscore the demand for us to work together for continual information sharing to get the better of his jobs. I will necessitate to guarantee his confidentiality and besides explain the appraisal processs and intercession programs. Whilst making so, I need to be sensitive to the fact that persons become victims of substance abuse despite contrary purposes. The chief aim of societal work is to supply aid and right the demands of the service user identified in the appraisal. Intervention programs are taken in concurrence with the service user and other members of the squad involved in the appraisal. Whilst explicating intercession for Malcolm, I will necessitate to explicate to him the importance and benefits of re-integrating into chief watercourse society. I will hold to help him to construct a web of friends and help of the installations of dial-a-ride and the local tiffin nine. In add-on I will besides hold to supply him information about assorted ego aid groups like AA, senior citizen groups, commissions and programmes and guarantee that he gets the needed aid from these groups. I would besides hold to inform him of his rights as a senior citizen to assistance under the NHS and societal attention programmes. In add-on, I will hold to guarantee a thorough medical appraisal of his physical and mental wellness is conducted and intercession in footings of medicine and psychiatric guidance are provided and availed of. Vocational appraisal and guidance would besides be provided if Malcolm is seeking employment. The ultimate purpose is to pull Malcolm out of his isolation and depression, supply more productive results for his life and re-integrate him into chief watercourse societal life.